CSA Z5300:19 pdf download – Cellulose filaments (CF) — Preparing handsheets for physical tests.
3 Definitions The following definitions shall apply in this Standard: Basis weight (grammage) — mass of a unit area of paper, board or handsheet, expressed in grams per square metre. Source: Modified from ISO 536. Cellulose filament (CF) — individual cellulose fibril composed of at least one elementary fibril, containing crystalline, paracrystalline, and amorphous regions, and having a flexible ribbon-like structure with a very high aspect ratio of at least 200, and usually over 500. Notes: 1) The cross-sectional dimensions (thickness and width) are typically 30 to 500 nm and the average length is typically over 100 µm. 2) The aspect ratio refers to the ratio of the length to the width. 3) CF is typically produced using mechanical refining action on high consistency wood pulps without chemical or enzymatic pre-treatment. 4) CF is a type of cellulose nanomaterial, as it contains a significant fraction of material having at least one dimension in the nanoscale (1 to 100 nm). Cellulose microfibril (CMF) — cellulose fibril composed of at least one elementary fibril, containing crystalline, paracrystalline, and amorphous regions, with aspect ratio usually greater than 10 and under 150. Notes: 1) The cross-sectional dimensions are typically larger than 100 nm and the length is typically up to 100 μm. 2) The aspect ratio refers to the ratio of the length to the width. 3) Some CMF can have a flake- or plate-like morphology. 4) Owing to large variations in the manufacturing processes used to produce them, material designated as CMF can contain a certain (small) fraction of CNF.
Cellulose nanofibril (CNF) — cellulose nanofibre composed of at least one elementary fibril, containing crystalline, paracrystalline, and amorphous regions, with aspect ratio usually greater than 10, which can contain longitudinal splits and exhibit entanglement between particles, or network-like structures. Notes: 1) The dimensions are typically 3-100 nm in cross-section and typically up to 100 μm in length. 2) The aspect ratio refers to the ratio of the longest to the shortest dimensions. 3) The terms nanofibrillated cellulose, nanofibrillar cellulose, microfibrillated cellulose, microfibrillar cellulose, cellulose microfibril and cellulose nanofiber have been used to describe cellulose nanofibrils produced by mechanical treatment of plant materials often combined with chemical or enzymatic pre-treatment steps. 4) Cellulose nanofibrils produced from plant sources by mechanical processes usually contain hemicellulose, and in some cases lignin. 5) Some cellulose nanofibrils might have functional groups on their surface as a result of the manufacturing process. 6) The term cellulose nanoribbon has been used to describe cellulose nanofibrils from bacterial sources. 7) Owing to large variations in the manufacturing processes used to produce them, material designated as CNF can contain a certain (small) fraction of CMF. Source: Modified from ISO/TS 20477. Cellulose nanomaterial (CNM) — material composed predominantly of cellulose, with any external dimension in the nanoscale, or a material having internal structure or surface structure in the nanoscale, with the internal structure or surface structure composed predominantly of cellulose. Notes: 1) The terms nanocellulose and cellulosic nanomaterial are synonymous with cellulose nanomaterial. 2) Some cellulose nanomaterials can be composed of chemically modified cellulose. 3) This generic term is inclusive of cellulose nano-object and cellulose nanostructured material.
Drainage rate — rate at which water drops away from the pulp stock by gravity as the sheet is formed on the paper machine or handsheet machine Source: Modified from Lavigne (1998). Dry lap pulp — sheet of pressed pulp with a high basis weight (typically 800 ± 50 g/m 2 ). Elementary fibril — structure, originating from a single terminal enzyme complex, having a configuration of cellulose chains specific to each cellulose-producing plant, animal, algal, and bacterial species. Source: ISO/TS 20477. Fines — fraction of a pulp which passes a screen (nominal aperture of 76 µm) or a perforated plate (holes of 76 µm). Source: ISO 10376. Floc — discrete, loosely coherent, entanglement of fibres (and fines, fillers, and other particles) within a pulp suspension. Source: Modified from Smook (2001). Formation — manner in which the fibres are distributed, disposed and intermixed to constitute the paper or handsheet. Good formation implies uniform fibre distribution in the sheet. Source: Modified from ISO 4046. Handsheet — single sheet of non-oriented fibres made by draining water from a suspension of fibre and water on a laboratory sheet mold, followed by pressing and drying, all operations being carried out under carefully controlled conditions. It is generally used for testing the physical and optical properties of the fibre or its combinations with other materials. Sources: Modified from Smook (2001) and Kouris (1996).
CSA Z5300:19 pdf download.
